The rapid change of the climatic condition has a significant effect on both living and non living organisms in Tanzania and the world at large. Tanzania as a country is striving to fight against climate change and the effect associated with the change of climatic conditions for instances deforestation as a result of farming activities constitutes a large percent of climate change in Tanzania, most farmers are cutting thousands of trees per year without the planning of replacement/reforestation. This proposed proposal aims to improve the well-being of individuals as well as the country as a whole by creating long- and short-term solutions for restoring environmental condition of the country.
Introduction
Historical Background
Tanzania is a result of the unification of Tanganyika (the mainland) and the Zanzibar islands. Tanganyika and Zanzibar united on 26th April 1964, forming the United Republic of Tanzania. Tanganyika became independent from the British in December 1961 and Zanzibar became free through a revolution on 12th January 1964.
Tanzania is the largest of all countries in East Africa and is bordered by the Indian Ocean. Once entirely bush and savanna, the landscape is now semidesert. The country is home to over 400 million wild animals, which include zebras, giraffes, lions, wildebeests, crocodiles, and giant turtles. In addition, Tanzania boasts the largest population of elephants that remain.
Tanzania as a country is striving to fight against climate change and the effect associated with the change of climatic conditions for instances deforestation as a result of farming activities constitutes a large percent of climate change in Tanzania, most farmers are cutting thousands of trees per year without the planning of replacement/reforestation.
This proposal is aiming at improving the welfare of the individual community and national at large by coming up with the solution both long term and short term in making Tanzania back to smile again.
Executive Summary
More than 87% of the United Republic of Tanzania’s population of approximately more than 19 million people live in rural communities. These communities depend chiefly on fuelwood (including charcoal) as the principal energy source, accounting for about 96 percent of the total. More and more urban residents (especially those in the low-income brackets) are using fuelwood, particularly charcoal. More than 85 percent of residents in towns use charcoal alone or an “energy mix” with other energy sources (Nkonoki. 1981).
For instance, between 2010 and 2019, charcoal consumption in Dar-es-Salaam increased from more than 120-150 to 315 kg per person a year and is gradually increasing.
Thus, Tanzania is the second largest fuelwood user in Africa (after Nigeria), with a per caput consumption of about 2.5 m³ a year (Nkonoki, 2019). Like many other developing countries, it uses little commercial energy for cooking. The current fuelwood consumption is estimated at more than 35 million m³; it was expected to rise to about 62 million m³ by the year 2000 and by the year 2021 the consumption is growing higher. The natural forest formations, from which more than 98 percent of the wood is collected, can supply only about 19 million m³ without being detrimentally overcut. The growth of population is the critical factor for environmental deterioration hence climatic change.
To bridge this energy supply-demand gap, a massive amount of tree planting is needed. The natural forest is shrinking very fast, and most alternative energy sources have had no significant impact so far. Either they are physically and economically unavailable or their technology is still relatively new and more time is needed for further development.
The project is planning to fix these destructions by coming up with the solution of planting enough trees Countrywide for the sake of attracting the good climatic condition and minimizing the effect of global warming. It is also aiming at recovering the most affected areas including Mount Kilimanjaro which its glaciers are thinning from the top-down and so many regions that are becoming semidesert due to lack of enough vegetation to cover the soil.
Case Study Related to the Project
The rapid change of the climatic condition has a significant effect on both living and none living organisms in Tanzania and the world at large. For instances the nearby study done in the Mount Kilimanjaro shows that the snows of Kilimanjaro are rapidly disappearing and will be gone by 2060, predicts the most detailed analysis yet of the iconic glaciers gracing Africa’s highest peak.
In addition to shrinking in area, Kilimanjaro’s glaciers are thinning from the top-down, says Ohio State University’s Lonnie Thompson, lead author of the new study. “They’re being decapitated,” he says. “In fact, they’re probably not really glaciers anymore. They’re remnants of another climate.”
In 2020, Thompson and his team made the first modern measurements of Kilimanjaro’s ice. Thompson drilled cores from the three glaciers ringing the summit, estimating that the ice bodies date back at least 11,700 years. The team then anchored stakes in bedrock at the bottom of the drill holes and have since used the stakes to measure the thickness of the ice.
One of the small summit glaciers, called the Furtwängler, lost about half its thickness nearly five meters between February 2010 and February 2019. At that rate, the 4.6-meter- thick Furtwängler will be gone in another decade, Thompson estimates. Other glaciers on Kilimanjaro will survive longer, but they too will disappear between 2030 and 2060.
Kilimanjaro’s glaciers seem to be shrinking at an ever-faster rate.
The project will aim at sustaining and recovering the broken part that has been destructed as a result of deforestation from human activities and natural calamities.
The stipulated planning for the exercising of the project will be the growth of the trees until they’re attached with the soil so as to make sure no tree is lost in between from the first day of planting to the date of handing over to the respective authority. Once conditions are favorable (usually from October to December or from March to June), the trees are planted.
The trees will be planted as per the given schedule of requirement table 1, 2, and 3 whereby there will be the need of assessment before implementing a project, the result will be based on the nature of the climate of a particular region, the tree type which is growing and adopting faster and the soil textures.
The project will aim to have sustainable planning of planting a fast-growing tree that will take between one (1) to two (2) years to become mature. The types of trees that the project will be focusing on are: –
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- Lavofia Caffra
- Albizia Schimperiana
- Croton Megalocapus
- Makhamea Lutea
- Pinus Patula
- Cypress Lusitanica
- Podocarpus Usambariansis
- Leucaena
- Croton Microsachers
- East African Camphorwood
The above trees will be planted interchangeably depending on the nature of the climatic condition of a particular region compared to the adaptability of a required tree species to the area. The mentioned trees have got different characters that make the best recommended trees to be planted especially in African Countries as they have the ability to adapt and grow fast regardless of the climatic condition of the area. The trees can grow even in an area that having high temperature and can also sustain to the area that has a low tendency of rainfall per year.
Composition of the Organization
The project has been implemented to numerous areas around Arusha region in partnership with several non-government Organization that in large percent succeeded to reach in most critical areas that seems having more demand of trees, our organization also participated in trees planting around Mount Kilimanjaro with the project introduced by XXXXXXXX for the sake of replanting trees around Mount Kilimanjaro that recent faced with the bush fire that causes the trees burnt hence side effect to the mountain.
The implementing organization is composed with project manager who oversees the general performance of the organization by making sure the organization attaining its target. The project manager is responsible for the day-to-day operation by making sure project supervisors and foremen are performing as per the agreed time frame.
Scope and Coverage
The project by starting will be focusing on the most affected region as a result of human activities and natural calamities. The regions that will be scheduled first are the ones that seem to have with magnitude effect caused by lacking enough trees for a long time that in turn lead to a lack of enough annual rainfall.
The following are the tables that show the schedule of requirement together with the respective regions but also the tables demonstrate the number of trees to be planted for the sake of recovering the damage that caused due to the result of human activities including farming, fuelwood, overgrazing and so many other factors. Hereunder is the list of tables: –
Approach to the Project
Once the trees are planted, for the sake of making sure the trees are growing, there should be with the village environmental committee congregates to discuss reforestation plans.
They should meet every two weekends to actively protect the planted trees from fires and trim the trees in the event of heavy rainfalls. The Committee will be chaired by the government leader in a respectively unit preferred Village chairperson and the related.
For the first three months consecutive after planting, the team monitors their growth periodically to ensure the trees are stable and attached to the soil but also without interference from weeds/non-native plant species or other environmental factors.
Afterward, the project is aiming to involves the government leaders depending on the level such that if the trees are planted at the village level the village chairperson will be involved, at the district level the district commissioner (DC) will be involved also if it is a regional level a region commissioner (RC) will be involved.
The aim of involving the government official’s leader is to make sure the sustainability of the project even after leaving the site also has all necessary requirements including the permit to carry on the project. The project’s team will be left to the site for the purpose of monitoring all of the handover sites for the sake of assisting and replacing the trees, when necessary, the project team will be chosen and trained in the respective regions for the cost reduction and fastening the process but also for the ownership of the project.
Furthermore, there will be a discussion with the government officials on the better way of making the trees growing but also the proper way of planting the trees such as the favorite season or as will be agreed by both.
Here below are the tentative approaches that show the activities from the first month to the third month of which the project will last for the period of 90 days before handover, during the ninety days, the team will supervise the project both in distance support and by using the team members which will be left to the site, the same cycle will be used for all sites and for the whole period of the year.
Climatic Condition
Tanzania has a generally comfortable climate year-round, although there are significant regional variations. The tropical coast stays quite hot and humid with heavy and reliable rainfall, especially during the rainy season. The central plateau is cooler and arid. There are two rainy seasons, the heaviest rains (called masika) usually fall from mid-March to May, and a shorter period of rain (called vuli) occurs from November to mid-January. The dry season, with cooler temperatures, lasts from May to October.
Generally, the project will expect to attain achievement due to the favorable climatic condition of Tanzania that is supporting different plant species due to the significant variation of rainfall among the regions that support the life of the plant species. In so many ways climate is the primary factor that will be considered when initializing the project especially this project that is direct related with afforestation and reforestation that climate and land is the main factor. Due to that the project put into consideration when selecting the trees type to be planted across the region in relationship with the climatic condition at large.
The project will be using climatic condition to determine which region to be prioritized first through that will reduce the watering cost but also will assure the growth of the tree for a reasonable time. Despite the fact that the climate will be used as an indicator for the prioritization furthermore the project completion time will highly be monitored to make sure the estimated schedule for the project completion is effective and efficient.
Important of the Programs
The project will aim to plant different plant species for the sake of making Tanzania green again furthermore the project will make sure it contributes in solving the land problem as a result of reforestation due to human activities.
The following are some of the reasons as to why the project is decided to base on tree planting to all of the Tanzanian regions: –
Trees play a key role in capturing rainwater and reducing the risk of natural disasters like floods and landslides. Their intricate root systems act like filters, removing pollutants and slowing down the water’s absorption into the soil. This process prevents harmful waterslide erosion and reduces the risk of over-saturation and flooding. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Association, a mature evergreen tree can intercept more than 15,000 liters of water every year.
Trees help to clean the air we breathe. Through their leaves and bark, they absorb harmful pollutants and release clean oxygen for us to breathe. In urban environments, trees absorb pollutant gases like nitrogen oxides, ozone, and carbon monoxide, and sweep up particles like dust and smoke. Increasing levels of carbon dioxide caused by deforestation and fossil fuel combustion trap heat in the atmosphere. Healthy, strong trees act as carbon sinks, offset carbon and reducing the effects of climate change.
Trees help cool the planet by sucking in and storing harmful greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into their trunks, branches, and leaves and releasing oxygen back into the atmosphere. In cities, trees can reduce ambient temperatures by up to 8° Celsius. With more than 50% of the world’s population living in cities a number expected to increase to 66% by the year 2050 pollution and overheating are becoming a real threat. Fortunately, a mature tree can absorb an average of 48 lbs of carbon dioxide per year, making cities a healthier, safer place to live.
Proposed bill of quantity (BOQ) for the project on green trees, green Tanzania for the native trees to be matured in one (1) to two (2) years period.
Bill of Quantity (BOQ) Illustration
The total sum of TZS 200,000,000.00 (Tanzanian Shillings: Two Hundred Million Only) will be used to accommodate 50,000 trees of which the project estimated to be used in one region. The price of TZS 4,000.00 (Tanzanian Shillings: Four Thousand Only) is the cost of a tree of which the price always tends to change as per the season of the year example, during the rainy season the Cost of the recommended species tends to rise up to TZS 5,500.00 (Tanzanian Shillings: Five Thousand Five Hundred Only) and during the Summer the price tends to be between TZS 3,500.00 to TZS 4,000.00 respectively. The proposed price of TZS 4,000.00 is significant due to the project will last across all seasons and when the price raised will give room for negotiation as the trees will be purchases in bulk.
The proposed project aimed to cover all region of Tanzania, by starting the project prioritized regions based on the demand and nature of the climatic condition as result of human activities and natural calamities.
The project will aim to cover all of the thirty regions in Tanzania as we believe to recover the climatic condition of a country is an accumulative process that involves the entire region within the country and not just a single area/region
Recommendation
The project will tend to touch the lives of the living things that because of the change in climatic condition, some organism species tend to disappear as a result of either increasing global warming or some natural calamities that cause their natural death. Also, the project will touch direct the life of the human being who in turn their lives are in danger due to the unpredictable rainfall and other environmental toxins as a result of a change of global behavior that causes a lack of enough food and clean water due to the fact that land is facing some environmental challenges in supporting life of the vegetation as it was before.
The project will also save the planet by re-creating habitat for the living organism both micro and macro due to the planting of trees that used as their home but also have a clean and healthily air.
Kindly the team is requesting the donation or any other form of facilitation so as to facilitate the endeavour of the project by save Tanzanian land and making the planet a good place to stay and live for both living and non-living organisms.
