Solid waste is major problem for the community as well as the country. Unmanaged problem of problem of waste will push our development backwards in different sector such as tourism, business, people’s health, land pollution, and water pollution. The project will make sincere efforts to improve environmental sanitation and the hygiene situation of people and educational status of the men and women who are involved in the waste disposal work. The project will mainly assist people at the household level and improve their sanitation, inspiring poor individuals to get out of poverty and support themselves, alleviating waste diseases and foster relationships with love and benevolence and foster social harmony of waste management. It helps to enhance the health of the community people including environment health. It also helps enhance the revenue of individual through the selling of waste. This project will help the sustainable development of the community by the management of its waste. It will help you to understand how you can buy the waste in low cost and can sell the raw material for in high which is generated by recycling method.
Background
During the last decades, Nepal’s economic growth has been slowly increasing in the world. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Nepal expanded 7.10 percent in 2018 from the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Nepal averaged 4.61 percent from 1993 until 2018, reaching an all-time high of 8.60 percent in 1993 and a record low of 0.10 percent.
Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world and relies extensively on foreign aid. The main sector of the economy is agriculture, which employs over 70 percent of the population and accounts for 33 percent of GDP. As Nepal is home to the highest mountains in the world, tourism has been steadily growing and is an important source of revenue. Also, the country has been working on exploiting hydroelectric power. Although the Nepalese economy has been steadily growing in recent years, a lack of governmental institutions, a growing population and remittance of social instability are sources of concern. This page provides – Nepal GDP Annual Growth Rate – actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Nepal GDP Annual Growth Rate – actual data, historical chart and calendar of releases – was last updated on June of 2019
However, in spite of the unprecedented economic expansion, more than one-third of all Nepalese are still impoverished, surviving on less than two dollars per day. Hence, although absolute poverty has been cut by more than half, illiteracy has been reduced dramatically, and many health indicators have improved, the vast inequalities are still persistent. The coming years’ development for the country will directly affect how well the world succeeds in attaining the UN Millennium Goals for 2015.
Nepal is undoubtedly a dynamic, diverse, and complex society. The caste system, although unofficially abandoned, is still prevalent and many groups remain poor, disadvantaged, and excluded from the economic and political scene. Another obvious structural problem is related to gender; Nepalese women are, e.g., less in numbers, they have a poorer access to healthcare and education compared to men, they are not engaged in economic activities to the same extent as men, and they are underrepresented in most democratic institutions.
The increasing industrialization and fast growth do not only pose problems related to the allocation of resources and powers, but also severely challenges the natural environment. Environmental degradation such as contaminated water, sinking groundwater levels, unhealthy soils, and polluted air has become a harsh reality in many parts of Nepal. It is noteworthy that; a damaged local environment hits the most vulnerable groups of society the hardest. Poor and marginalized people lack the resources needed to reduce the negative effects of a degraded environment. At the same time, they are usually directly dependent on their close natural environment for their daily survival.
One result of rapid urbanization is a slowly reducing gap between urban and rural changing consumption patterns, and a growing population is the problem of waste. Although the average Nepalese only generates around half a kilo of solid waste per day, the volume is huge.
While the quantity of solid waste generated by society is increasing, the composition of solid waste is becoming more and more diversified.
Up until now the solid waste system of Nepal has not been maintained properly in all districts. It is a major challenge to our country. Average municipal solid waste generation was 317 grams per capita per day. Most of the municipality waste is collected by the municipality vehicle but they are not working efficiently and effectively. Even we can easily see in our capital city of Nepal of waste spread all over the road. Every day, we see in the news -paper articles about the problems of the waste management of Nepal. This problem is not only found in the capital city of Nepal but it also a problem for all urban and rural areas. So we have to find a solution to this problem.
Nepal has formulated the policy found in The Solid Waste Management Act 2068 of the Ministry of Environment. This act declares that the local body has responsibility for the management in their area. The local body shall be responsible for the method of collection, construction and operation of infrastructure like a transfer station, land fill site, processing plant, compost plant, biogas plant and also final disposal of waste and they are also responsible for cleaning, throwing or placing of solid waste and then it was also declared to follow the set standard of disposal of harmful waste.
The work is based on baseline surveys undertaken during 2011–2012 under an Asian Development Bank (ADB. The surveys produced data on household waste generation and composition, and an account of collection and disposal methods. It also touched upon financial and organizational aspects of solid waste management in each of the municipalities. The findings suggest municipalities need to radically improve management practices to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste.
Though we have written laws in practice we do not find its outcome. So, we should think of our nation and what will be its future if we do not manage the solid waste. If we do not manage it soon in right time it will create big issues for our country. So, this organization wants to start to work in the Tansen Municipality of Palpa district at first and then this project will have to be extended to the whole country.
This proposal aims at starting up a decentralized solid waste management (SWM) scheme in the Tansen Municipality in Palpa District, Province five Nepal, thereby improving the local environment and offering continuous employment to individuals from socially and economically disadvantaged groups.
Significant of the Project
It helps to enhance the health of the community people including environment health. It also helps enhance the revenue of individual through the selling of waste. They can sell different types of waste viz; organic wastes are managed by the composting methods. This project will help the sustainable development of the community by the use of its waste. It can buy in low cost and it can sell the raw material for in high which is generated by recycling method.
Solid waste is major problem for the community as well as the country. If we do not manage it at the rural level it will push our development backwards in different sector such as tourism, business, people’s health, land pollution, and water pollution. So we need to aware to prevent these negative effects. Solid waste management we could help to control these negative effects.
The project will mainly assist people at the household level and improve their sanitation, inspiring poor individuals to get out of poverty and support themselves, alleviating waste diseases and foster relationships with love and benevolence and foster social harmony of waste management.
This project also helps the business sectors. Now –a- days, most people are involved in the business sectors. It provides the creation of an environment friendly, eco-sensitive city. It helps the promotion of waste reduction at the source of generation. It also helps the return of recyclable material to the market. It provides information about composting waste and using the compost for home gardening. It also helps by improving the safety of waste management by the scientific handling of clinical and hazardous waste and door to door collection of household waste. So, it helps to minimize accumulation of solid waste, where to dispose of it and how to manage it.
People are keen seeking to control the waste and they are very interested in manage it but they feel that the government should control the area of the waste management. Government formulates the laws and rules but they are limited when it comes to collection and dumping of waste. Even collection is not to be found everywhere. So, it will be fixed in place where waste is collected and we should put the container in a convenient place for each Tole and set up polluter pay system for special waste like demolition waste. So that it is very helpful for the community.
Introduction of Implementing
XXXXXXX Organization is non-profit and beneficial for the local community people within the city as well as for Nation. This organization wants to directly focus to clean the physical as well as chemical environment of atmosphere. Day by day people are going to use new things that cause environmental pollution but they do not think about the harmful effects of these new objects. It is working towards improving health by providing convenient and sustainable sources of clean water and hygiene facilities to communities, improving the quality of life for the children by providing health awareness programs and ensuring that at all levels there is improvement reducing the practice of the waste production and improve clean environment at all sectors. It helps to improvement of street beautification through private sector participation for the poor, socially and economically deprived people.
Policy Linkage
This project seeks to contribute directly to the government’s National Policy to achieve joint effort and partnership between Government, Non -government, private sector and civil society. The project will make sincere efforts to improve Environmental sanitation and the hygiene situation of people and educational status of the men and women who are involved in the waste disposal work.
Stakeholders
Community participation in SWM is the key to a sustainable and integrated project. The aim is to get as many local actors as possible to participate and actively contribute to the project. Most importantly, we want to create a feeling of ownership for the project among the citizens, whose waste is managed and whose local environment is improved by the project
A SWM project will be implemented in one Municipality Tansen Palpa District, Nepal. The Municipality will have a population of 50405 people, or approximately 13646 households.
EMmployees
Around thousands of people in Nepal find livelihood opportunities in the area of waste, the “rag-pickers” (the kabadiwalas). A SWM project must hence be understood in this informal yet organized setting. In order not to bypass these individuals, they will be prioritized in the employment process and offered continuous employment in the projects.
The projects will employ 15 people. Our aim here is to particularly engage and employ women, and especially women from socially and economically marginalized groups, as well as widows, deserted women, women living with disabilities, and other disadvantaged women. Besides women, we will target men from SCs, OBCs, STs, as well as men living with disabilities. We will, as far as possible, hire people from the concerned community.
As to the composition of women and men, half of the newly formed Self-Help Groups will consist of male members solely, and the other half will consist of female members solely. The core team will also be balanced as regards gender.
The Public
It is vital that the public – i.e. ordinary citizens as well as private and public institutions – whose waste is managed and whose environment is improved, is actively involved in the project. An important step to motivate and engage the public is via continuous public awareness campaigns based on an Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) strategy.
Volunteers motivated individuals such as headmasters, doctors, religious leaders, etc. from the concerned communities will be engaged and help convey the message to the public as well as function as role-model citizens.
NGOs, CBOs, and Local Associations Local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and Women’s Associations will be offered training in SWM.
Youth Groups and Eco-Clubs Youth groups and eco-clubs at schools will be engaged in the project via continuous school intervention programmers.
After the project period is over the recycle building. All project costs will thereon be met partly by the community fund and partly by the government.
Private Corporations We will seek the partnership of local and foreign companies for financial contributions as well as donations of machinery for scientific recycling of inorganic wastes. Private corporations will also be able to sponsor the project and receive marketing in return.
Problem Analysis
The Nepal Waste Situation According to the ADB survey 2012 found that the average municipal solid waste generation was 317 grams per capita per day. This translates into 1,435 tons per day or 524,000 tons per year of municipal solid waste generation in Nepal. Many of these technically and financially constrained municipalities are still practicing roadside waste pickup from open piles and open dumping, creating major health risks.
Nepal has formulated the policy of Solid Waste Management Act 2068. It works Ministry of Environment. According to this act, declared the local body responsibility of waste management in their area. The local body shall be responsible for the method of collection, construction and operation of infrastructure like transfer station, land fill site, processing plant, compost plant, biogas plant and also final disposal and they are also responsible for cleaning, throwing or placing of solid waste and then it was also declared the set standard of harmful waste.
They also specify standards for compost quality, leachate control and management, and closure of landfill sites. In 2070 complemented the rules with a Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management. As stated in the constitution of Nepal 2072, every citizen shall have the right to live in a clean and healthy environment.
It is the primary responsibility of all state governments to ensure that appropriate SWM practices are implemented. The role of the central government is mainly to formulate policy guidelines, provide technical assistance, and assist in capacity building. However, although SWM is defined as a state affair, it is the municipalities that are directly responsible for performing the activities.
The waste is often left unattended at the disposal sites, creating a health hazard. Plastic containers are for instance amassed by private individuals that sell them to small factories with in adequate technology, leading to the emission of toxic fumes. Urban slums are likely to be the ones most neglected. Hence, despite concerted efforts by policy makers to create a legal framework around the issue, solid waste in Nepal is still in need of massive attention and acute management.
Several reasons are given in order to explain the poor status of the municipal SWM programmes. A lack of financial and human resources as well as organizational inefficiency within municipal bodies are said to cause a lot of trouble. Transportation arrangements are generally inadequate due to the unavailability of proper vehicles as well as the low productivity of the personnel. There are also policy gaps that need to be addressed (e.g. to prevent people from throwing out garbage in public areas). In addition, the Municipality find it hard to raise resources to acquire suitable land, and they often lack the technical capability to design a proper sanitary landfill facility.
Environmental Degradation, Human Health, and Waste
Improper handling of solid waste and indiscriminate disposal in open spaces, road margins, tank beds etc. gives rise to numerous potential risks to the environment and to human health. Direct health risks mainly concern those working in the field without using proper gloves, uniforms, so that a high percentage of waste workers and individuals who live near or on disposal sites are infected with gastrointestinal parasites, worms, and related organisms.
For the public, the main risks to health are indirect and related to poor water, land, and air quality. In addition, infrequent collection of waste provides a breeding ground for flies and rats. The most obvious environmental damage caused by solid waste is aesthetic, i.e. waste that litters public areas is ugly and foul smelling.
A more serious risk is the transfer of pollution to ground water and land as well as the pollution of air from the improper burning of waste. Many waste activities generate greenhouse gases; e.g., landfills generate methane and refuse heaps are significant sources of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Open burning dumpsites produce volatilized heavy metals (e.g. mercury and lead), dioxins, and furan. Leachate from unlined and uncovered dumpsites contaminates surface and ground water.
A damaged local environment will first affect the most vulnerable groups of society, those who lack the resources needed to reduce the negative effects of a degraded environment. In addition, people living in poor circumstances are also directly dependent on their close natural environment for their daily survival.
Non-Cyclical Perspective
A fundamental problem is the linear, non-cyclical, way of treating and relating to waste in Nepal both on paper and in practice. Waste is not seen as a resource that can be refined (e.g. as nutritious compost manure or energy) or recycled (e.g. into new paper and plastic), and thereby generate wealth. Instead, it is often treated as the evil leftover that needs to be eliminated. Moreover, waste is rarely discussed as part of a cycle of production, consumption, and recovery, nor is it assessed in relation to environmental sustainability.
SWM is seen as a linear process of collection and disposal and the preceding actions of production and consumption are seldom reflected upon.
Cultural Taboos and Social Stigma
Another problem related to waste in Nepal as in many societies, is that it is considered dirty and filthy, and those dealing with it are perceived as inferior, second-class citizens. Traditionally, people working with waste in Nepal– popularly known as rag pickers – usually belong to the “untouchables” (the Dalits); e.g., the raddiwall has collect or buy waste and the sweep the streets. Hence, the prevailing, informal, waste system also affects how people view waste.
The waste workers live and work under extensive health risks, and suffer severe exploitation and deprivation. Possible health hazards include raised levels of infant mortality, hand and leg injuries, intestinal and respiratory infections, eye infections, lower back pain, malnutrition, skin disorders, and exposure to hazardous waste.
Women and other Disadvantaged Groups
Various socio-economic indices such as representation in workforce, type of work, income, literacy, health, and mortality reveal that woman are one of the most disadvantaged population groups. Advances made in social legislation and the relative ease with which Nepali women secured legal and political equality, entered professions, and occupied positions of power, have led to a myth that Nepal has a high degree of gender equality.
In reality, five decades after independence, the position of the Nepali woman has worsened considerably in every sphere, with declining sex ratios, declining economic participation, and growing gaps in life expectancy between men and women.
Although the Nepali constitution guarantees formal equality, the present status of women is characterized by marginalization and a lack of resources. For example, crucial decision-making powers within the household are still held by men, there is a marked preference for male children, there is a gender disparity in food intake levels, the dowry system is prevalent, and widows and disabled women are very badly. Nepal is an indeed diverse society and women are far from the only group suffering from social and economic marginalization and structural discrimination; SCs, OBCs, STs.
Objectives
Environmental Protection that Benefits the Poor
The SWM project strives for maximum waste recovery through composting, recycling, and reuse, and aims at zero waste to be disposed onto dump-yards and landfills. The long-term objective is thus to reduce the environmental degradation caused by solid waste. By using composting methods to manage the biodegradable waste, we are able to:
- Minimize waste that needs to be disposed in centralized landfills, thus extending existing landfill capacity;
- Reduce the environmental impact of disposal sites as the bio-degradable waste fraction largely is to blame for the polluting leachate and the methane problems;
- Benefit the soil by using organic compost instead of chemical fertilizers.
- Furthermore, decentralized composting schemes as suggested in this proposal have advantages to centralized schemes, as they
- Divert biodegradable waste from the municipal waste stream, thus reducing transportation costs and the environmental costs;
- Enhance environmental awareness in the community;
- Create employment in the community;
- Ensures sustainability of the project at the local level;
- Are more flexible options for SWM since they can adapt rapidly to changes in user needs;
- Are close to the residents, allowing close quality surveillance of the waste processing services and products;
- Are mostly small-scale, based on labor-intensive technology, and better adapted to the local socio-economic situation;
- Decrease the problems caused by malfunctioning municipal services when decentralized composting is combined with primary collection services.
A properly run decentralized SWM project will contribute to a cleaner local environment, maintaining pure surface and ground water, healthy soils, and clean air. Noteworthy, a clean local environment will immediately benefit the most vulnerable groups of society whose livelihoods often depend on the natural resources available locally.
Empowerment of Women and other Disadvantaged Groups
The project aims at empowering women, and in particular women from socially and economically disadvantaged groups, as well as individuals from SCs, OBCs, and STs, and people living with disabilities, by offering them continuous employment and a guaranteed salary. In order not to disregard those already involved in SWM in the informal sector (the so-called rag pickers), they will get first priority in the employment process. There will also be opportunities for the start-up of micro-enterprises in recycling, e.g. recycling of paper, Pack cartons, PET bottles etc. It will here use existing organizational capacities to trained the different group members and assist them in credit access and market tie-ups. Already established community-based neighborhood composts sites will be supported and promoted.
The importance of economic empowerment should not be understated. As the individual is able to contribute to the household income, his/her self-esteem is regained and the decision-making powers are altered. Economic empowerment is hence a prerequisite for actual equality. Good working conditions, continuous training, and the adoption of scientific and professional ways of handling waste will minimize health risks and other occupational hazards that are common in the informal settings.
Raised Awareness and Changing Perceptions
In order to make long-term, sustainable changes, people at the grassroots level must feel ownership of and commitment to all of the project interventions. An important aspect in order to change norms, attitudes, and behaviors is naturally to raise the public’s level of awareness, inform, and trigger debates about issues such as production and consumption patterns, actor responsibilities, sustainable economic growth, and so forth. It is central that waste is understood and discussed as part of a cyclical process of production, consumption, and recovery.
Another project objective is to remove the social stigmas and taboos surrounding waste; instead of perceiving waste as something dirty, it should be seen as a lucrative resource from which one could make a living. By offering competitive salaries, good working conditions, professional uniforms etc. to the employees, we hope to change negative perceptions surrounding waste.
Measurable in Numbers
- 15 fulltime employment opportunities;
- One decentralized SWM project covering maximum 95% households of this municipality
- Around 200 grams of biodegradable waste per household per day to be composted into organic manure;
- Around 300 grams of non-biodegradable waste per household per day to be recycled or reused.
Risks and External Factors
As with most projects, risks and external factors may influence the project to a certain degree. There is a risk of the Municipality not prioritizing the project after it has been overcome. We hope to eliminate this risk by creating a solid support for the project among various community actors, e.g. the public, private corporations, school pupils, volunteers, employees, and etc. thereby increasing the expectations on the Municipality administration.
In addition, during the six-month construction phase, the local body will be Familiarized with SWM and thoroughly introduced to the project. Extensive technical support and training will be given to municipalities by Hand in Hand and the core team. They also run the risk of becoming politicized members risk being used to gain political sympathies in different groups.
It is important that all parties are aware of this risk and that it is reduced as much as possible through community participation, transparency, and local ownership. Since government budgets for SWM systems generally are covered by the overall property tax, there will most probably be an initial resistance towards the monthly fee to be paid by the households.
It will take some time to convince the public of the project benefits. Hence, in order to get the project rolling, the first months of waste collection will be free of charge. Finally, SWM projects in Nepal run the risk of bypassing and disregarding those people who are already engaged in waste management in the informal sector (i.e. the so-called rag pickers). We are fully aware of this risk and will do our utmost to firstly identify these individuals and thereafter motivate them to join the SWM project as fulltime employees.
Project Organization and Implementation
With time, a holistic approach will be adopted in order to tackle problems related to poverty at large in rural areas. It is currently involved in implementing an Integrated Community Development Project in which different interconnected and interdependent sectors are developed
- Microfinance and enterprise and job creation
- Child labor elimination and school programmes
- Citizen centers and strengthening of grass root level democracy
- Improved health and hygiene via awareness campaigns
- Environmental protection via watershed projects and SWM
- All of our activities are guided by the following principles:
Local ownership – The Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods applied by Hand in Hand practitioners ensure local ownership and problem framing at the grassroots level.
Empowerment –believes in empowering the individual in order for her to help herself, take decisions, and make changes.
Sustainability – The long-term social, economic, and environmental sustainability is the most important aspect when assessing new projects and when evaluating existing ones.
Strengthening of existing structures – Hand in Hand does not believe in building parallel structures, but rather in working in close cooperation with and strengthening systems and structures already set in place by government authorities and civil society.
The management team consists of professionals with experience in education, microfinance, natural resource management, pro-poor governance, water management, building primary, secondary, and tertiary community organisations to promote self-reliance, and research and training. It is currently active in one district in the Nepal Province No.5
Location
SWM projects will be implemented in one municipality of Palpa District of Province No.5 Nepal. The city has an average population of 50405 people, or approximately 13,646 households.
Tansen is a Municipality and the administrative centre of Palpa District in the “hills” of the western part of Nepal. It is located on the highway between Butwal and Pokhara, on the crest of the Mahabharat Range or Lesser Himalaya overlooking the valley of the Kaligandaki River to the north.
Tansen was the capital of the Magar kingdom Palpa, one of the most powerful regional principalities before the rise of the Shah dynasty. It even came close to conquering Kathmandu in the 16th century under the leadership of Mukunda Sen. Local Magar kings lost influence in the 18th century and Tansen became a Newari bazaar on the important trade route between India and Tibet via the Kaligandaki River and Mustang. It was a district administrative center of the Kingdom of Nepal.
Infrastructure
A piece of land on the outskirts of the residential areas will be donated from the government and the site infrastructure will be constructed. The land will be cleared of trees, the ground will be flattened, water and power connection will be arranged, a fence will be built etc.
A compost shed, a material shed, and an office will be constructed on the site. The municipality will be supplied with the necessary tools and equipment, e.g. aluminum basins, bins, long handled pickers, sieves, first-aid kits, and toolboxes. Each household will be given two plastic segregation buckets free of charge.
In order to collect the waste from the households and thereafter transport it to the site, the project will have tipper and a tractor at their disposal.
Activities
Training All employees will undergo extensive training in SWM, including the linkage between a deteriorating environment, waste, and human health, the treatment and management of waste, principles behind composting and recycling, occupational hazards, health and hygiene, collection and transportation procedures.
Once the land has been acquired and the facilities have been set up, the project will consist of the following activities in broad outline:
- Segregation of waste at source
- Primary collection
- Composting of biodegradable waste
- Recycling of non-biodegradable waste
- Awareness and information campaigns
Segregation of Waste at Source
The households will segregate the waste at source into biodegradable (wet) waste and non-biodegradable (dry) waste. The non-biodegradable (dry) waste will thereafter be segregated into recyclables, non-recyclables, and domestic hazardous waste. Each household will be provided two buckets in different colours free of charge for the wet and the dry waste respectively.
Collection
Door-to-door collection of waste will take place on a daily basis on either pushcarts or rickshaws. After the waste has been collected from the households and the common areas have been swept, the waste is transported to the site with tractor.
Composting of Biodegradable Waste
At the site, all biodegradable waste will be composted either in aerobic composts or in the more costly vermi-composts. Aerobic composting refers to a process where biodegradable waste is biologically decomposed under controlled conditions by microorganisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) under aerobic conditions. The product, compost, can effectively be utilized as an organic fertilizer to rejuvenate soils.
A key risk associated with composting relates to the product; i.e. compost that is free from environmental hazards. If composting is not based on segregation at source, the product risks becoming contaminated. Composting is a low-cost option, which can be implemented on different levels of scale, thus adapted to a city’s specific context.
Recycling of Non-Biodegradable Waste
The non-biodegradable waste will be segregated by category at the site. The recyclable waste will then be sold to companies that have machinery and expertise to recycle the material properly.
Awareness and Information Campaigns
An important step to motivate and engage the public is via continuous public awareness campaigns based on a public IEC strategy. Activities will, for instance, include promotion of the RRR-slogan – reduce, reuse, and recycle – advertisement on publicity boards, on local radio channels, and in local newspapers, as well as workshops, exhibitions, lectures, street plays etc.
In addition, eco-clubs at schools and youth groups together with volunteers will be encouraged to take an active part in the project.
Some of the themes to be discussed during public awareness and motivation campaigns are as follows:
- Consumption patterns and a sustainable development;
- The natural source of products;
- Recycling and reuse;
- Littering and indiscriminate dumping of refuse on open spaces, footpaths, lanes, streets, and into drainage channels or water bodies;
- Environmental degradation and its effects on human health.
The project also implies that certain steps can be taken by the public. In order to get full participation, special information campaigns will target the following areas:
- Inform the public on how to segregate waste at source into biodegradable (wet) waste and non-biodegradable (dry) waste. The non-biodegradable (dry) waste shall thereafter be segregated into recyclables, non-recyclables, and domestic hazardous waste;
- Inform the public about the two buckets (free of charge) in different colours for the wet and the dry waste respectively;
- Inform the public about the daily door-to-door waste collection and handing over of the waste to the Street Beautifiers;
- Inform the public about communal bins for biodegradable waste in buildings, institutions, companies, and residential colonies;
- Inform the public about collection of the monthly household fee
- Encourage the utilization of compost for farming and gardening. Increase the public’s awareness and knowledge about compost use and benefits in order to increase market demand.
Sustainability
The project set duration is two years. It is assumed that the project will have its own impact on the community and the target groups and regular support for carrying out the activities will be possible thereafter. Some of the activities will contribute to generate funds for carrying out the activities for a long period of time.
Similarly, the project will make possible the participation of the community at the highest degree so that the feeling of ownership is developed in the entire community of people, which will contribute to the sustainability of the project. Also, the community-based groups and concerned right holder groups will be strengthened to implement the programs themselves. Though this approach, dependency over INGO will be gradually reduced and sustained and lasting effect will be achieved.
Ownership
After the initial two-year period, the municipality will be the formal owner of the infrastructure, as well as act as the employer of the staff.
Technology
Decentralized SWM systems use simple, cost effective, and labour intensive machinery and technology. As far as possible, we will use machines that are run manually and not dependent on an assured power supply.
Budget and Financing
- Financers
- We propose that the donor contributes with 100 percent of the direct project costs during the first 24 months. It will contribute with management and administrative costs. After 24 months, the project will be financed by the government as well as by the community waste fund.
- Community Waste Fund
- A so-called community waste fund will be set up where the household fees (INR 15-25 per household per month) will be amassed. After the initial 24 months, the fund will be used to meet project expenses.
Role and Responsibility of the Donor Agency
As per mandate of Government of Nepal, the Donor Agency will play the following roles and responsibilities:
- Provide Financial and technical support to SWM to implement project effectively and efficiently
- Foundation will provide technical monitoring support to SWM
- Foundation for control and manage of Solid waste will coordinate and collaborate with Government of Nepal for smooth project implementation
- It will provide technical support to effective financial management of SWM
- It will provide capacity building support to SWM
